The third area of investigation relates to microcarrier drug delivery. This work has involved direct interactions with Dr. David Needham, an engineer who has developed novel temperature sensitive drug carrying liposomes (http://mems.egr.duke.edu/Faculty/FacultyListing.htm). We have studied the antitumor effects of the new temperature sensitive doxorubicin containing liposome and have found this product to have superior activity, relative to free drug and to other nonthermally sensitive and thermally sensitive formulations. When we administer doxobubicin as free drug, with heat, we see no evidence for anti-tumor effect at all, at a dose that is maximally tolerated by mice. When we use this drug in liposomes, with heat there is significant antitumor effect, but most tumors eventually regrow. When we use the doxorubicin containing temperature sensitive liposomes in conjuction with heat, we see complete tumor regressions without evidence for regrowth at 60 days post treatment (see Figure 5).